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Pyrenoids are cellular structures that enhance carbon fixation by organizing enzymes and regulating molecular transport. They play an important role in global carbon cycling and biological efficiency. Despite their importance, the physical principles governing their assembly and maintenance are not fully understood. Our research investigates how molecular interactions and environmental cues give rise to pyrenoid structure and function. We are particularly interested in how these systems balance stability with flexibility under changing conditions. By studying pyrenoids, we gain insight into how spatial organization can dramatically improve chemical efficiency in both natural and engineered systems.